Causes and Symptoms of CRPS
Common Signs and Symptoms
One of the most noticeable signs of CRPS is ongoing, intense pain that feels much worse than what you’d expect from the original injury. This pain may grow stronger over time and can be constant or come and go in waves. Other symptoms might include:
- Burning or throbbing pain in the limb
- Swelling and joint stiffness
- Heightened sensitivity to touch or temperature
- Skin that changes in color, texture, or temperature
- Muscle weakness or tremors
- Limited movement in the affected area
In severe cases, CRPS can lead to muscle loss or weaker bones. That’s why early evaluation and treatment are so important.
What Causes CRPS?
Doctors are still learning exactly why CRPS develops, but it often begins after physical trauma or damage to the nerves. Some common triggers include:
- Broken bones, sprains, or bruises
- Surgery or invasive medical procedures
- Infections or chronic inflammation
- Nerve injuries or compression
- Strokes or heart attacks that may lead to nerve complications
The body’s pain response in CRPS can become exaggerated. The nervous system may misread signals from the injured area, leading to more pain than the injury would normally cause.
How CRPS Is Diagnosed
There’s no single test for CRPS, which can make it tricky to diagnose. Providers usually start by reviewing your medical history, looking at your symptoms, and performing a physical exam. Additional tools may include:
- Imaging studies like MRIs or bone scans
- Diagnostic nerve blocks to test pain response
- Tests to rule out other conditions such as arthritis or nerve disorders
Diagnosing CRPS early is key to helping you get relief and prevent the condition from worsening.
CRPS Treatment Options
Although there is no cure for CRPS, many people find relief through a combination of treatments that manage pain and support mobility. Treatment plans often include:
Medications
Depending on your needs, your provider may recommend:
- Over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers
- Nerve pain medications like gabapentin or pregabalin
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Muscle relaxants
- Corticosteroids for swelling and inflammation
Physical Therapy
Movement is important to avoid muscle stiffness and joint problems. A physical therapist may guide you through:
- Light stretching and strength exercises
- Desensitization techniques for touch sensitivity
- Mirror therapy to help the brain adjust its pain response
Interventional Procedures
If pain is severe or long-lasting, more advanced treatments may be considered:
- Nerve blocks, which help interrupt pain signals
- Spinal cord stimulation, which uses gentle electrical impulses to reduce pain
- Intrathecal drug pumps, which deliver medication directly to the spinal cord
