What Causes TN?
The trigeminal nerve branches across your forehead, cheeks, and jaw. When this nerve is compressed or irritated, usually by a nearby blood vessel, it may send faulty signals that result in sharp bursts of pain. In some cases, the nerve may be affected by a condition like multiple sclerosis or a tumor, though sometimes no exact cause is found.
Age can also be a factor, as the condition tends to appear more frequently in adults over 50.
Recognizing the Symptoms
Trigeminal neuralgia is known for its sudden and severe facial pain, typically on one side of the face. Many people feel the pain in their jaw, teeth, or gums, and it may come on with seemingly harmless triggers like chewing, smiling, or touching the skin. Episodes often last only a few seconds but can come in waves, leaving the person feeling exhausted or anxious about when the pain will return. While some people feel fine between attacks, others may have a lingering ache.
In rare cases, both sides of the face may be affected, making the condition more complex to treat.
How It’s Diagnosed
A provider will begin with a physical exam and a detailed conversation about your symptoms. If trigeminal neuralgia is suspected, imaging tests such as an MRI may be ordered to look for potential causes like blood vessel pressure or growths affecting the nerve. Sometimes, a CT scan may also be used, and your provider might rule out other issues like dental problems or sinus infections that can mimic the symptoms.
Treatment Approaches
Treatment for trigeminal neuralgia is focused on relieving pain and helping you return to your normal routine. For many, medication is the first step. Anti-seizure drugs are often effective in calming the nerve, while some people also benefit from muscle relaxants or antidepressants when pain is persistent.
If medication doesn’t bring enough relief or causes unwanted side effects, surgical options may be considered. Procedures like microvascular decompression or Gamma Knife radiosurgery aim to reduce nerve pressure and interrupt pain signals. These options can provide long-lasting relief, especially for those who haven’t responded well to medications.
Living with Trigeminal Neuralgia
Even with treatment, it can take time to adjust to living with TN. Some people find that reducing stress or avoiding specific triggers helps minimize flare-ups. Applying a warm compress may also offer some relief during an attack. It’s equally important to care for your mental health. Chronic pain can be isolating, and connecting with others who understand what you’re going through can be a powerful source of support.
When to Seek Help
If you’ve started experiencing sudden, sharp facial pain, even if it seems minor, it’s a good idea to talk to a provider. Getting an early diagnosis can help you take control of your symptoms and avoid further complications.